History of the Santa Barbara Channel

The Chumash, or island people, were the indigenous or original people of the Santa Barbara Channel. The Chumash existed on the Channel Islands for at least 8,000 years, some archaeologists estimate as long as 30,000 years. For hundreds of years the Chumash traveled the Santa Barbara Channel in seaworthy plank canoes called "Tomols". The Indians were skilled navigators, knowledgeable of the weather patterns and currents in the channel. The Chumash maintained active trade routes between the islands and the mainland. On Santa Cruz Island the Indians produced shell bead money used as currency in a relatively complex economy. Travel was often made at night or early in the morning to take advantage of calmer seas. As a seafaring people, the Chumash were expert fishers. Their diet consisted mainly of finfish and shellfish. Marine mammals also played an important role. Fur pelts were used for clothing and meat was consumed. The occasional beaching of a dead or stranded whale was cause for celebration.

Archaeology and Shipwrecks

Remains of the Chumash include many artifacts used in ceremonial rites and provide special insight into native American customs. Shipwrecks attract marine life and create beautiful spots for divers to explore natural and cultural resources. Archaeological sites and historic shipwrecks are national treasures and are protected by law. The waters of the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary house important clues to the remains of our cultural past. From as early as the 16th century, the Santa Barbara Channel has been traveled by non-natives. Strong currents and intemperate weather often combine with natural hazards to make treacherous crossings. More than 100 shipwrecks have been discovered in the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary.